The alloys used in the jewelry industry are gold–palladium–silver and gold–nickel–copper–zinc. The strength of gold–nickel–copper alloys is caused by formation of two phases: a gold-rich Au–Cu, and a nickel-rich Ni–Cu, and the resulting hardening of the material. Copper can be added to increase malleability. The jewelry industry often conceals these off-white colors by rhodium plating thus it is a common misconception that the color of the rhodium plating, which is seen on many commercial pieces, is actually the color of white gold.Ī common white gold formulation consists of 90% wt.
The word "white" covers a broad range of colors that borders or overlaps pale yellow, tinted brown, and even very pale rose. The term white gold is used very loosely in the industry to describe karat gold alloys with a whitish hue. As a result, white gold alloys can be used for many different purposes: while a nickel alloy is hard and strong, and therefore good for rings and pins gold–palladium alloys are soft, pliable, and good for white-gold gemstone settings, sometimes with other metals, like copper, silver, and platinum, added for weight and durability (although this often requires specialized goldsmiths). White gold's properties vary depending on the metals used and their proportions. Like yellow gold, the purity of white gold is given in karats. White gold is an alloy of gold and at least one white metal (usually nickel, silver, or palladium).
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